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Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - Gibraltar (2004)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z Gibraltar (2004)

 Arctic Ocean (2001)Gibraltar (2004)
 Arctic OceanGibraltar
Administrative divisions - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure - 0-14 years: 18% (male 2,554; female 2,452)


15-64 years: 66.2% (male 9,460; female 8,965)


65 years and over: 15.8% (male 1,939; female 2,463) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products - none
Airports - 1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total:
14.056 million sq km

note:
includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
total: 6.5 sq km


land: 6.5 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency.
Birth rate - 10.99 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget - revenues: $307 million


expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY00/01 est.)
Capital - Gibraltar
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Coastline 45,389 km 12 km
Constitution - 30 May 1969
Country name - conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gibraltar
Currency - Gibraltar pound (GIP)
Death rate - 9.05 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external - NA (2000 est.)
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) since Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum in 2003 against a "total shared sovereignty" arrangement, talks between the UK and Spain over the fate of the 300-year-old UK colony have stalled; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy
Economic aid - recipient - NA
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
Electricity - consumption - 93 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 100 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m

highest point:
sea level 0 m
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Ethnic groups - Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, German, North Africans
Exchange rates - Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch - chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003)


head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%
Exports - partners - Germany 25.6%, France 24.8%, UK 14.3%, Turkmenistan 9.4%, Switzerland 7.5%, Spain 5.6% (2003)
Fiscal year - 1 July - 30 June
Flag description - two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
GDP - purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - NA
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 36 8 N, 5 21 W
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Highways - total: 29 km


paved: 29 km


unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Imports - partners - Spain 26.5%, UK 14.8%, Russia 8.2%, Italy 6.6%, Netherlands 6.5%, France 5.3%, Germany 4.6%, Romania 4.2% (2003)
Independence - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate - NA
Industries - tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
Infant mortality rate - total: 5.22 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.81 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 1.5% (1998)
International organization participation - Interpol (subbureau), UPU
Irrigated land - NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force - 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (1999)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture negligible, industry 40%, services 60%
Land boundaries - total: 1.2 km


border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Land use - arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
Languages - English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Legal system - English law
Legislative branch - unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than February 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 79.52 years


male: 76.65 years


female: 82.54 years (2004 est.)
Literacy - definition: NA


total population: above 80%


male: NA


female: NA
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Map references Arctic Region Europe
Maritime claims - territorial sea: 3 nm
Merchant marine - total: 133 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 980,636 GRT/1,254,661 DWT


by type: bulk 3, cargo 69, chemical tanker 14, container 27, multi-functional large load carrier 3, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 2


foreign-owned: Belgium 1, Cyprus 3, Denmark 1, Estonia 1, France 1, Germany 92, Greece 11, Hong Kong 2, Iceland 1, Monaco 4, Norway 6, Spain 1, United Kingdom 6, United States 2


registered in other countries: 4 (2004 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK; the last British regular infantry forces left Gibraltar in 1992, replaced by the Royal Gibraltar Regiment
Military branches - Royal Gibraltar Regiment
National holiday - National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain
Nationality - noun: Gibraltarian(s)


adjective: Gibraltar
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May NA
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) none
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Political pressure groups and leaders - Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
Population - 27,833 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA
Population growth rate - 0.19% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) Gibraltar
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions - Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more
Telephone system - general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities


domestic: automatic exchange facilities


international: country code - 350; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 24,512 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 9,797 (2002)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Total fertility rate - 1.65 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate - 2% (2001 est.)
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